I am looking for piano pieces that are relating to the motive of city or place (geographical - country, region etc.), either directly as a programmatic music, or in terms of circumstances sorrounding the creation of the piece. I would be very grateful for recommendations at any level of difficulty, and from any period in the history of music.

The first thing that comes to my mind are Collines d'Anacapri and Danseuses de Delphes by C. Debussy, there might be also a loose connection of Suite Bergamesque to Bergamo through Bergamasca dance. Some other examples are: La Citta Fiorita by D. Alaleona, Fontane di Roma and Pini di Roma in transcription for 4 hands by O. Respighi, Finlandia by Sibelius in his own transcription, but I am sure, there are many other examples.

If you take a look at Liszt's Annee's de pelerinage, you'll find quite a few including:
Switzerland: Chapelle de Guillaume, Au lac de Wallenstadt, Valee d'Oberman, Les Cloche de Geneve
Italy: Gondoliera (Venice), Aux Cypres de la Villa d'Este, Le jeux d'eaux a la Villa Este.

I can't tell you their difficulty, but they are certainly not for beginners.

As a native of Kiev/Kyiv, I can't help mentioning Mussorgski "Great Gate of Kiev" from Pictures at an Exhibition.

Evening in Grenada(Debussy), Cordoba, Sevilla, Asturias, Grenada(Albeniz)

Albéniz used place names in Iberia:

Fête-Dieu à Séville
Rondeña (D major), after the Andalusian town of Ronda.
Almería (G major), relating to the Andalusian seaport of Almería, is loosely based on tarantas, a flamenco form characteristic of the region of Almería.
Triana (F♯ minor), after the Gypsy quarter of Seville.
Lavapiés (D♭ major), after the district of Madrid.

Debussy:

Danseuses de Delphes
La soirée dans Grenade
Les collines d'Anacapri
Bruyères

Mussorgsky:

The Great Gate of Kiev

Liszt: Venezia e Napoli

Grieg: Wedding Day at Troldhaugen; Dance from Jølster; On the Dovrefjeld in Norway; The Woman from Setesdal; The Raven's Wedding in Kraakeland

Falla: Fantasia Baetica, 4 Spanish Pieces(Aragonesa, Cubana, Montañesa, Andaluza), Night in the Gardens of Spain

There are lots of 4-hand dances from various parts of the world:
Hungarian (Brahms)
Slavonic (Dvorak)
Norwegian (Grieg)
Spanish (Moszkowski)
Swedish (Bruch)
Finnish (Busoni)
Moravian (Janacek)
Polish (X. Scharwenka)

Very many of the compositions of David Thomas Roberts are associated with places, for example "For Kansas City" and "Through the Bottomlands". The best known of such is probably the set called "New Orleans Streets".

Franklin Avenue

Thank you for all suggestions, I can't believe I forgot about Mussorgsky and Albeniz...

I would appreciate more reccommendations of pieces by contemporary composers as well.

Alexandre Tansman's Tour du Monde.

I will look for the score. Tansman was born in my city.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zpJB-XXE9Xg

Performed by the composer, who died a few years ago.

Ginastera, "Danzas Argentinas." (Not quite contemporary but 20th century).

Thank you, Bennevis, for alerting me to “Farewell to Stromness”; it is beautiful! And timely, as my next lesson features that rare event, “pick out new music to learn”! (Rare, because it takes me soooo loooong to learn a new piece!)

Hi, justyna_ewa! A few others

Deodat de Severac -- the piano suites "En Languedoc" and "Cerdana". Both are located in the border region where France and Spain meet, in the east Pyrenees and on the north end of the Mediterranean sea.

Aaron Copland -- "Our Town" suite -- the fictional Grover's Corners, New Hampshire.

Elie Siegmeister -- "American Sonata" -- not exactly locale specific, but takes you musically to different regions of the USA.

Yes, Farewell to Stromness has become very popular and performed by concert pianists as well as lots of amateurs - and stolen by guitarists (- like Albéniz's Asturias, it's probably more often performed by them than by pianists.....).

Just a couple of things: ignore the composer's metronome marking - he (and almost everyone else) plays it much slower. And there is a companion piece called Yesnaby's Ground, which is faster and more difficult, but again with an appealing folk-like tune:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZBvJK9cjFvA

Yesnaby is the nearby clifftop beauty spot on the same island as Stromness, which is in the Scottish Orkney Islands (a good place for people who prefer seabirds to humans for company....... )

https://goo.gl/images/nBaVNf

So many new proposals... I knew it was a proper place to ask this questions. Bennevis, I had the same impression on Farewell... as Qwerty53.

New York Skyline by Heitor Villa Lobos
Perhaps not exactly what you are looking for, because it does not capture the atmosphere of the location but literally maps the silhouette.

Or did they create the silhouette just to go with the video?

Thank you for writing about this example. I read about this technique - transposing the sketch of a landscape into a music notation - in a monograph on XXth Century Avantgarde.