What's Polyphony?

There are several different meanings depending on what you wish to describe. Since you're posting in a digital sub-forum I think it's safe to assume you're talking about polyphony as it deals with digital pianos. Polyphony is simply the amount of numerical values (not notes) the piano can produce at the same time. For each given sample (piano, strings, synths/leads, et al) each one of the keys will have a certain numerical value attached to it when you strike it; I say value and not key/note because for some stereo (two-channel) samples, striking one key can use two or more values. Digital pianos with 32-note polyphony can only sound 32 values at the same time and they will begin to cut notes (usually on a first-in first out basis) once that threshold is reached. It's pretty easy to reach the 32-note threshold if you're layering voices--the most popular being piano/strings--and you are doing big runs with the sustain pedal or if you're playing large dense chords in succession, again with the pedal. The pedal is important because when you cycle it, you're essentially refreshing the polyphony; but you should note that as long as you're holding it down, the values of any keys you're holding down or you've struck/released after the pedal will use polyphony until it is released. As I said in another thread, polyphony isn't usually important to beginners, but once you start progressing you'll start to notice it more and more if you're playing an instrument with 32-note polyphony or lower.

Or to put it another way;

Every brand/model of electronic keyboard these days has a maximum number of sounds (proper term is voice) that it can produce simultaneously. Polyphony is the total number of individual voices an instrument can produce at any given time. Once the limit is reached, any held notes will be stopped so newly played keys can produce sound.

As an example, if you select a preset that produces a layered sound of a piano and string ensemble sound and play one key, two voices are being used, one for the piano sound and another for the string sound. So in this case, an instrument offering 64 voices of polyphony would continue to produce sound until 32 keys have been played (either being physically held down or by using the sustain pedal).

Some keyboards feature stereo samples of pianos and other instruments. In these cases, it is important to realize that even though you may have only one sound selected, two voices are still being used because stereo sample consists of two samples, one for the left channel and one for the right channel and remember a single voice can only produce a single sound/sample.

With all this in mind, a 128 note polyphony keyboard playing a stereo sampled piano that is layered with a string sound is going to actually be able to produce no more that 41 notes simultaneously. And many times sound programmers will use more that one voice when creating string sounds so there is a high probability that the 128 voices could actually be divided by 4 giving you a total of 32 keys that can produce sound at the same time.

Dave

Simply put, polyphony is the total number of simultaneous voices a synth can play.

As geek describes above, in performance this number is depends on a few factors.

The easiest thing to remember about polyphony is that more is better: 128 is better than 64.

However, if you're looking to buy a digital
piano for regular playing, like on an acoustic
piano, the polyphony spec is irrelevant.
I bought a Korg digital piano in the late
1980's when home digital pianos were just
starting to become popular, and it had "only"
16 note polyphony, and you could play anything
on it and it sounded better in many ways
(purer sound, clearer tone, etc.) than the best
digital pianos today, even
those with 128 note polyphony. I gave
it to my neighbor, and when I hear her playing it,
I miss it, because it sounds better than
my new digital piano with 64 note polyphony.
Actually, my new digital has 64 and 32 note
polyphony voices, and I use the default 32 note
grand piano voice because it's the
most convenient and it sounds better
than the 64 note grand piano.

What model do you own?

A real world example of polyphony:

Yesterday we took delivery of a Kawai CP175 - a 128 note polyphony instrument.

After playing with it for a while, our pianist started complaining that her notes weren't sustaining long enough and could I adjust the sustain length.

What I found was that she has 4 layers going - Kawai EX Concert Grand, a string section, a flute solo, and something called Whistlers on the left section.

The Concert Grand sound is a stereo sound, as is the string section. With all these going at once, it would cut out the sustaining notes of the piano when she played fast selections.

To fix it, I turned off the Whistlers layer, which allowed everything to sustain properly.

I could also have changed the Concert Grand sound to a non stereo piano sound and that probably whould have fixed it as well.

Had we opted for the new CP177, with 196 note polyphony, she would not have run into this situation.

"polyphony" is also (along with its opposite, "homophony," and the rather specialized word "polyomino" - a multiple type of domino) the longest word one can type on the qwerty keyboard with the right hand alone, excepting such fanciful unused words as "monokimono" and "polymillion."

I'm waiting to be corrected here, folks.

According to: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QWERTY_keyboard

The longest English word that can be typed with the right hand only (using conventional hand placement) is johnny-jump-up (a type of flower), or alternatively polyphony

The only name of a state that can be typed with the right hand is OHIO.

Gee, I can type Monatana, Pennsylvania, and New York with just my riht hand. In fact, I just did it with one finger on my right hand